The central objective of critical care for patients affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebrovascular accident (i.e., stroke), and other neurovascular pathologies is to monitor patient state and provide suitable medical intervention to mitigate secondary injury and aid in recovery. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography is a specialized Doppler ultrasound technique that allows characterization of blood flow from the basal intracerebral vessels. While several non-invasive cerebrovascular diagnostic modalities exist, including positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), the use of TCD sonography is highly compelling for certain diagnostic needs due to its safety in prolonged studies, high temporal resolution, modest capital equipment costs, and relative portability.